Ageism - An Overview

Ageism is a type of discrimination that involves prejudice against people based on their age. Similar to racism and sexism, ageism involves holding negative stereotypes about people of different ages.

Ageism affects both young and old. It can be seen in a wide variety of situations including the workplace and in healthcare.

History

The term ageism was first used by Robert N. Butler to describe discrimination against older adults. This term can be applied to any type of age-based discrimination, whether it involves prejudice against children, teenagers, adults, or senior citizens.

Signs of Ageism

Ageism can range from subtle actions to blatant acts of discrimination. A few signs of ageism include:

• Being passed over for promotions or raises
• Losing out on benefits such as paid time off
• Not having access to learning opportunities

Types

There are two primary types of ageism. The term ageism is usually used to apply to discrimination against older adults, while reverse ageism has been used to describe how younger adults can face prejudice and discrimination because of their age.

Ageism Against Older People

Researchers suggest that stereotypes about older people often relate to how younger people expect them to behave.

• Succession
• Consumption
• Identity

Reverse Ageism

Ageism has a damaging effect on younger people as well. Dismissing younger workers as too inexperienced, unprofessional, or not qualified for advancement is an example of how reverse ageism can hold younger people back. 

How Common Is Ageism?

Older adults also feel the impact of this discrimination in the workplace. According to the U.S. Equal Opportunity Commission, almost a quarter of all claims filed by workers are related to age-based discrimination.

Impact

Examples of ageism are frequently cited in workplace situations. In such settings, this type of discrimination can lead to pay disparities, forced retirement, or difficulty finding employment.

Effects on Mental and Physical Health

Countries that have a higher population of healthy older adults report lower rates of ageist attitudes, suggesting that ageism is linked to health status and life expectancy. It is associated with a shortened lifespan, more rapid cognitive decline, and reduced access to education and employment.

How to Fight Ageism

The American Psychological Association (APA) says ageism is a serious issue that should be treated the same as sex, race, and disability-based discrimination. It suggests that raising awareness about the issues ageism creates can help. As the population of older adults continues to increase, finding ways to minimize ageism will become important.

There is evidence that interventions can be effective in combatting ageism. These include:

• Education: Intentional instruction that helps people better understand the aging process, and its effects.

• Intergenerational contact: Increased contact with people of different ages to reduce age discrimination and prejudice. 

Conclusion

Ageism can take a toll on health and wellness. Taking steps to reduce ageism, such as increasing contact between people of different ages, is crucial. If you are experiencing ageism, seek an ally in the workplace or community for support, and contact the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission if necessary.

- Neha Chaturvedi